PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO CULTURA E SOCIEDADE MESTRADO INTERDISCIPLINAR - PGCULT
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Item O ENSINO DE ARTE NA CIBERCULTURA: um estudo dos cursos de formação de professores em Artes Visuais na modalidade a distância no Brasil(Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2012-07-09) BARROS, Luciana Silva Aguiar Mendes; SANTANA, Arão Nogueira Paranaguá de; CPF:11662751168; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8443432670512731Research on the BA in Visual Arts in distance mode in Brazil, the study of cases from the Federal University of Maranhão and the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, in search of understanding of instructional design, structure and curriculum development teaching these courses. The study used variants of the same for the two courses studied, in order to find similarities and differences in each aspect analyzed. In order to support the study considers the current historical moment called post-modernity and its implications in art and educational use of digital information and communication and cyberculture and demands arising out of this global reality for education in a way general and especially for the issues pertaining to teacher education through distance education considering its trajectory globally and nationally, as well as the Brazilian legislation and public policies for this type of education. After analyzing the official documents and teaching projects, it was concluded that the courses of Bachelor of Visual Arts in Brazil are in accordance with the requirements for teaching in contemporary art, since they consider the students' prior knowledge, insert the digital technologies of information and communication in educational practices and appreciate the local culture to globalization, besides being in accordance with current legislation for national education.Item Tramas de gênero: um estudo sobre mulheres que tecem redes de dormir em São Bento - MA(Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2012-12-13) SOUSA, Beatriz de Jesus; SOUSA, Sandra Maria Nascimento; CPF:01199226300; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7413827589603410; Santana, Arão Nogueira Paranaguá de; CPF:11662751168; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8443432670512731Analysis of the social relations of gender from the production of hammocks in São Bento city, MA. It addresses the key elements that define the city, realizing the existence of a community of practice focused on the manufacture of handmade hammocks. There are presented knowledge shared by the artisans of São Bento city with regard to knowledge and actions of the hammock. It identifies the craft as a category and highlight the importance of manual activity, investigating its historical foundation and legal aspects related to the regulation of the profession of the craftsman. It discusses the social constitution of gender identities, the meanings of the abjection and gender markers related to the hammocks makers of the city studied. It is perceived gender as a performance made in time from a matrix of heteronormative intelligibility, but that is also producing of this matrix, renewing and / or denying it. To this end, we resort to notions of gender and technology devices through the contributions of Judith Butler, Michel Foucault and Teresa de Lauretis. Examining the senses and gender representations from the point of view of hammocks makers, it explores the constitution of their bodies associated with the work and the implications of a profession that is not legally recognized. It appears that their expectations and identity markers are related to the dynamics of the crafts in capitalism, such the as studies of Walter Benjamin, Nestor Canclini and Helena Hirata suggest. Accordingly, it focuses on the craft of hammocks in a capitalist context whose insertion of women in the working world suffers the impacts of informality, invisibility, insecurity and low payment.Item Recepção na cultura digital: o caso da música desmaterializada(Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2012-12-19) PELLEGRINI, Paulo Augusto Emery Sachse; CORRÊA, Norton Figueiredo; CPF:12312312312; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5871391447636149; MANZKE, José Fernando; CPF:12332111100; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5512751432336025This research achieves a study of reception of the dematerialized music, based on Cultural Studies, in the environment of the digital culture and the late modernity. It understands the dematerialized music as the music which migrates from physical supports (LP, CD, K7, DVD) to the virtual environment. It applies a form envolving 76 listeners in order to comprehend how they deal with such music, from the point of view of the technologies used by them and the habits and perceptions developed in their reception. It presents the cultural industry as a condition of the rising of the materialized music, from which it is dematerialized. It lists the main reception theories. It problematizes the digital culture in its potentialities and contradictions. It discusses the download culture. It raises reflections about the crisis of the phonographic industry and the dematerialization of the music at the late modernity scenario.Item Educação patrimonial no bairro do Desterro: estudos sobre os projetos de patrimonialização no Centro Histórico de São Luís - MA(Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2012-12-20) CHAVES, César Roberto Castro; CORRÊA, Alexandre Fernandes; CPF:75983389734; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2963281229506007Il s'agit d'une enquête sur les programmes sociaux d'éducation au patrimoine dans le quartier du Desterro, de discuter et de réfléchir sur quelques aspects qui semblent caractériser la rhétorique de la patrimonialisation à São Luís - MA. Dans la quête de la compréhension de la logique préservationniste lieu au milieu des conflits et des confrontations par cas préservation sociale et orgue défavorisés, ce travail a soutenu la théorie des études culturelles, visant à comprendre et à discuter de la nature des affrontements, les conflits et impératifs de gestion d'actifs dans le centre historique de Saint-Louis, en particulier par le fait que le quartier de l'exil, caractérisé par l'utilisation dominante résidentielle. Nous sommes conscients que, à partir des données obtenues à partir de la recherche, de la réalité locale révèle un cadre socio-culturel dans lequel les politiques du patrimoine public ont été guidés par participatif peu pratique et démocratique. Il y a eu un manque de médiations de points chauds - comme en l'absence d'avis de la culture et du patrimoine - entre les secteurs gouvernementaux et communautaires, l'appel vigueur discursive aux grands récits du patrimoine historique. Ces récits ont servi à cacher les différents conflits, pour adorer le monument de pierre et de chaux, de parti pris élitiste au détriment des usages sociaux de la propriété, c'est à dire, des représentations, des temporalités et des besoins immédiats des personnes qui vivent ou faire une sorte de utilisation quotidienne du centre historique de São Luís - MA.Item O tanatopoder e as epidemias: discurso civilizador e saúde pública no centro urbano de São Luís no início do século XX(Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2012-12-21) BEZERRA, Mariza Pinheiro; FEITOSA, Antonio Cordeiro; CPF:03277267334; LIMA, Jarbas Couto e; CPF:33305994304; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8809906196367776Analysis of social control exercised before the dead bodies in the inner city of São Luís - MA, in the early twentieth century (1900-1905). The early years of the twentieth century to society ludovicense were marked by outbreaks of smallpox and bubonic plague, and various public health problems. The presence of these diseases and epidemics also listed among the population Tanatopoder encouraged the emergence of the region, whose aim was to exert social control before the dead bodies, considered at the time, vectors of disease. This is a historical, genealogical character who tries to reveal the dispute between some instances of power (São Luís Public Administration - supported by scientism of the time, the Ecclesiastical Discourse and Market) before the dead bodies. Based on documents from the Province of Hygiene of the State of Maranhão (letters and reports), speeches of the political, journalistic discourses, literature and books of doctors in the period, presents initially the urban characteristics, and economic health of São Luís then characterized the civilizing discourse ludovicense that, based on principles of biopolitics in effect, encouraged social practices aimed at standardizing the dead under the guise of health of the living. Finally, it identifies the emergence of a market in this area that speech on the principles of asepsis missed the dead and new consumption patterns, weakened the role of religious discourse in the face of human finitude and proposed a new model of dying.Item Pressupostos filosóficos da crítica histórico-psicológica: um comentário à teoria das emoções de Vigotski(Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2013-01-25) FREITAS, Flávio Luiz de Castro; MANZKE, José Fernando; CPF:12332111100; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5512751432336025Research on the philosophical assumptions of the hypothesis formulated by Vigotski at work entitled Theory of them emociones: studio-historical psychology: the philosophy of Espinosa was not the predecessor of organicist theory of emotion James-Lange. To do so, we identified the problem, hypotheses, methodology and line of argument presented by Vigotski in that text. Then we tried to explain the experimental nature of criticism that it performs in relation to the James-Lange theory, described in the next moment the argument about the limits of Vigotski's theory in support of this theory. At this point, we sought to understand the reasons argued by Vigotski to argue that there espinosism in the James-Lange theory. Finally, appeared and argued that Vigotski formulates two hypotheses: one negative and one positive. Assuming positive, there is a link between the passions of the soul of Descartes, Short Treatise of God, man and his welfare and ethics - demonstrated the manner of geometers of Espinosa. In the upside case is crafted relationship between Descartes and Malenbrache.Item Mira(gem) e sonho: modernismo e psicanálise em Memórias Sentimentais de João Miramar(Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2013-07-17) FONSECA, Thais Carvalho; LIMA, Jarbas Couto e; CPF:33305994304; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8809906196367776; FEITOSA, Márcia Manir Miguel; CPF:12111111111; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0938601542329006Ce travail a misé sur l étude de la mouvance narrative de la fiction moderniste brésilienne, au travers d une analyse du focus narratif, dans l'abordage de la théorie de la littérature, dans ses relations avec la psychanalyse freudienne. Pour cela, a considéré, en particulier, l'oeuvre: Memórias Sentimentais de João Miramar (Mémoires Sentimentales de João Miramar), d Oswald de Andrade, objet d'étude du present travail, cherchant à reconnaître les possibles relations de la logique narrative fictionnelle moderniste brésilliene avec une autre logique que Freud a nominé travail du rêve. L'étude de la relation entre psychanalyse dans la prose moderniste brésilienne est donné suivant les pas de Jacques Rancière (2009). L étude a cherché a reconnaître le jeu esthétique de cette prose moderniste, l'inconscient esthétique, à partir d un regard sur la rhétorique de la fiction, selon Wayne Booth (1961), dans ce qui concerne les questions du focus narratif dialoguant avec la logique de la construction du récit onirique dans la compréhension du travail du rêve révélé principalement par l'Interprétation des Rêves de Sigmund Freud (2010b).Item A avaliação formativa no ambiente virtual de aprendizagem moodle: um estudo no curso de graduação em Pedagogia a Distância da UFMA(Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2014-01-22) CUNHA, Marcelle Patrícia Lopes; DOMINGO, Reinaldo Portal; CPF:60137337329; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8229776774250482Em cette recherche, on cherche l‟évaluation de l‟aprendissage a fait au cours de pedagogie à lointain de l‟Universidade Federal do Maranhão (UFMA) et la possibilité d‟usage de ses utilesdu AVE Moodle, par la réalisation de l‟évaluation de la formation. Pour cette chose là, on part d‟une très importante question: Comment developper l‟évaluation de formation, en utilisant des utiles de Moodle au cours de Pedagogie à lointain de l‟Universidade Federal do Maranhão? Le présent travail a comme objectif principal c‟est l‟investigation d‟évaluation de l‟aprendissage realisée au cours de Pedagogie à lointain de l‟UFMA, sous une vois de formation à partir de l‟utilisation des recourses et utilies du AVE Moodle. Et comme objectifs spècifiques: analysé les principaux théories actuelles sur l‟évaluation de l‟enseignement à EAD et l‟évaluation de la formation ; rechercher le mode comment les professeurs du cours de pedagogie à lointain de l‟UFMA reálisent l‟évaluation de l‟enseignement;vérifié acev les élèves du cours les utiles du AVE Moodle, que ont était mises dans les procéss d‟évaluation de l‟aprendissage ; vérifié avec les tuteurs quelle est la participation dans le procéss d‟aprendissage ; reáliser un enlevé des utiles disponible dans l‟AVE au Moodle qui peuvent aider à l‟évaluation de la formation; et, encore, suggérer des stratégies des usages des utiles au Moodle par la l‟évaluation de la formation des élèves au cours de gradution en Pedagogie à lointoin de l‟UFMA. La recherche s‟asseoit à l‟abordage de la qualité, en soiant au type, exploratoire et en prennant la forme des études au cas. Pour arriver au objectifs, ont été developpées les suivantes partis de la recherche: enlevé et analyse de quelques sources bibliográphiques de quelques théorique brésiliens et étrangères, recherche électronique, enlevé documentaliste au Nucléo d‟Education à Lointain à l‟Universidade Federal do Maranhão (NEAL-UFMA), reálisation des interview moin-structuré avec les professeurs du cours de Pedagogie à lointain à l‟UFMA et en faisant une carte sur AVE Moodle et ses utiles d‟enseignement. Comment un résultat plus grand, on a verifié que le cours de Pédagogie à lointain de l‟UFMA est parmi les conceptions d‟évaluation de aprendissage de caracteristique antagonique. Tandi que on a vu l‟existence d‟une lecture du process de enseignement et d‟aprendissage (et d‟évaluation) de manière democratique et constructiviste, en coexistant avec une autre, tradictionaliste, que préfère pour le qualification et classification, sur le caracter constructif d‟évaluation.Item Nas entranhas do bumba meu boi: políticas e estratégias para botar o boi de Leonardo na rua(Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2014-01-29) SILVEIRA, Marla de Ribamar Silva; CORRÊA, Norton Figueiredo; CPF:12312312312; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5871391447636149; Lima, Jarbas Couto e; CPF:33305994304; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8809906196367776The present study investigated the main strategies and politics, internal and external, articulated and developed by mistress/owner of Bumba meu boi of Liberdade Boi of Leonardo, to ensure the legacy left by its father, Leonardo , great teacher and symbol of traditional Boi of Maranhão and eminence of great prestige accent zabumba. Legacy that matches his attitude, loyalty and commitment to the promise that it is his duty to put the Boi on the street. To try to identify and interpret the settings that involve the universe of Maranhão popular culture, we broke into a grounded ethnographic work supported by the theoretical assumptions of the Cultural Theory of Geertz (2012), having as its guideline, however, to lead to the identification and analysis of the strategies and policies developed internally and externally in Boi , the principles of the Theory of Marcel Mauss (2003) on social exchanges or gifts, and identifying, on that path, the organizational culture undertaken by Leonardo and updated by Regina, heiress of the Boi, approaching dynamics of a traditional cultural family organization, of modern organizational logic compared to social, contemporary political and economic transformations.Item O MITO DA CAVERNA DE PLATÃO NO IMAGINÁRIO DOS PROFESSORES DE FILOSOFIA DO INSTITUTO FEDERAL DE EDUCAÇÃO CIÊNCIA E TECNOLOGIA DO MARANHÃO(Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2014-06-01) PINHEIRO JUNIOR, José Antonio; BARROS, João de Deus Vieira; CPF:999860438; FAÇANHA, Luciano da Silva; CPF:33674329387; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7318884096236926This research was born out of our interest in the relationship that we establish between philosophy, myth and philosophy teaching. This is a study that seeks to understand how teachers of philosophy at the Federal Institute of Maranhão are teaching the myth of the cave to its high school students and how we can capture the imagery that arises in this educational process, since we believe that the allegory is a kind of metaphor for the teaching of philosophy itself because it is loaded with symbolism, is full of symbols, images and metaphors, and therefore, has a direct link with the philosophical educational practice. In this direction we decided to use the concept of imagination present in the Poetics of Reverie Bachelard as also the Theory of Imaginary Durand. First worked with notions of creative imagination, archetypes and daydreams. Latter work with the concepts of symbolic imagination and anthropological path. Given the symbolic richness of the allegory of Plato's cave made some analogies between its symbolism and imagery that developed by both Bachelard as in Durand. The methodology adopted Reading corresponded imaginary from heuristics that sought to map the images and memories that remain in the minds of teachers long before the myth of the cave. Where Bachelard operate with the pair rebound / resonance in order to know if the myth of the cave still causes some enchantment among teachers. From the perspective of the theory of Durand seek to know which regimen images of teachers are those arising influences, whether by day or night regime. Data analysis showed that on one hand the myth of the cave has been used in philosophy classes as well as the IFMA showed that relate to the philosophy and myth teachers set philosophy as a combat activity, brightness and criticality. However, the analysis of the images showed an imaginary governed by the hegemony of the daytime by the presence of images of light, fire and the sun. Therefore, the results we have seen that the archetype or myth of the hero appears in allegory of the cave and euphemizes the individual functions of the philosopher who should be fighting, endurance, suffering, pain and perhaps even death to return to the cave.Item @LUNO EM CENA: representações em filmes brasileiros sobre o estudante adolescente na era da informação(Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2014-08-29) MOREIRA, Daniela Menezes; SOUSA, Sandra Maria Nascimento; CPF:01199226300; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7413827589603410; BOTTENTUIT JUNIOR, João Batista; CPF:01101000100; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4828197220419425; ARAÚJO, Maria do Socorro Sousa de; CPF:33669147349; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4538063821382720This study deals with the establishment of representations about the teenager, turning to a field in which some of them have been produced in the early 2010s: Brazilian cinema. On to the thematic Media and Education, aiming to discuss how these representations are produced, it starts from the premise that this media vehicle is following the trend of placing the teenager in a position of centrality in contemporary culture, and simultaneously, has been promoting the pedagogical character assumed by media discourses about adolescence. The work uses the concepts of discourse, power, knowledge and subject, as were developed by Michel Foucault, putting him in conversation with theorists of cultural studies. The empirical corpus selected for analysis focuses on four films: The Famous and the Dead, Before the world ends, The best things in the world and Desenrola. Further information about these films circulating in cyberspace, in interactive processes that involve viewers in forms of subjection are considered for analysis. Its conclusion points with respect to the emphasis given to the teenager as also subject of privileged position in the age of the information.Item A metodologia webquest na aula de literatura: um estudo de caso com alunos do 3º ano do ensino médio do IFMA(Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2015-04-16) SILVA, Nataniel Mendes da; BOTTENTUIT JUNIOR, João Batista; 829.688.023-72The research is aimed at evaluating the potential of the WebQuest methodology for teaching and learning literature. A WebQuest is an inquiry-oriented activity in which some or all of the information that learners interact with comes from resources on the internet. The work from a qualitative case study carried out with 31 students of the third year from a public high school in São Luís/MA (Brazil). The challenges and potential of the methodolgy were examined regarding the students interest in discussing the book Near to the Wild Heart, by Clarice Lispector. A WebQuest entitled Web Adventure with Clarice Lispector was developed and applied to the students during the research. Data collection was conducted through that the WebQuest methodology is a good pedagogical strategy for teaching literature and when it is associated with Web 2.0 tools, it stimulates curiosity, authorship, student's creativity and interest in discussing literary works.Item A estética da verossimilhança no romance Julia ou A Nova Heloísa de Jean-Jacques Rousseau(Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2015-12-04) BORRALHO, César Henrique de Paula; FAÇANHA, Luciano da Silva; 336.746.293-87The research presented intends understand philosophical and literary aspects of Rousseau's aesthetics that establishi identify from the likelihood of nature and culture. For this purpose we analyze the Rousseau's critic to the place of reason imposed by the Enlightenment of the eighteenth century and the new meaning of this in his epistolary novel Julie or the New Heoise, granting primacy to feeling and makes it a key element in its condensed philosophy in the romance experienced by the love between Santi-Preux and Julia, central characters. To address the mentioned problem, it objectives to analyze the reason for exaltation in the Enlightenment of the eighteenth century as human progress proposal and inconsistencies this reason given by Rousseau as a promoter of corruption and social degeneration. We investigate , therefore, how it holds the right focus shift to the feeling recommended by Rousseau in order to make good use of these two human faculties in an attenpt to restore good manners. In this sense, we intend to understand the call likelihood, the Rousseau transparency that is mirrored by the simple family life Julia in Clarens, directing our analysis to the limits of representation that aim in false mirrors of reality and hinders the inner feelings marked by expression of a sensitive heart undeserved by reason.Item Arte e cultura no contexto da educação profissional e tecnológica: uma análise das ações culturais e artísticas em Açailândia (MA)(Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2015-12-14) SILVA, Mayara Karla da Anunciação; SANTANA, Arão Nogueira Paranaguá de; 116.627.511-68After the implementation of the InstitutosFederais in all Brazilian territory the actions linked to the tutorship, research and extension have given a new profile to the professional and technological education in the country. In Maranhão this fact was evidenced in different ways, through either the expansion andinternalization or in the qualified educational and cultural service deliver, especially in the area of knowledge in arts, that has developed a proactive, collaborationist and interdisciplinary role with the subjects, institutions and communities. In this context, the old professionalizing school has abandoned the vocation aiming former machine-men, for opening possibilities for a more humanistic education, in which the art/education professionals, supported by the students, teachers and the others cultural agents, has been giving an important contribution that became noticeable through diverse practices. The description of this scenario synthesize the main results got by this research, that was developed between 2013 and 2015, in Açailância Campus, IFMA, with the following aims: verifying the way the pedagogical actions in arts allows changes in the school context of the integrated education, linking the tutorship to the research and extension; analyzing the pedagogical processes and cultural and artistic events that contribute to this educative construction; and analyzing the way the educative action in arts collaborated for the occurrence of this social, educational and cultural change in the Integrated Elementary Education within that town. The theoretical-methodological purpose which has interdisciplinary origin was based in the conceptions more iterant of the art/education , cultural action and cultural studies, predicting an organization mediated by the research action and others complementary methodological procedures. It was verified that during the research the creation of the Study and Research Group in Art in the Açailândia Campus of IFMA, coordinated by the teacher and author of this research was relevant, which has organized artistic events linked to the tutorship, research and extension.Item Apropriações de mídias digitais e dinâmicas de difusão, circulação e consumo da cultura em rede: um estudo netnográfico com bandas independentes de São Luís - MA e Teresina - PI(Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2017-01-20) OLIVEIRA, Walline Alves; Ferreira Junior, José; 252.457.403-20; ZORZAL, Ricieri Carlini; 075.088.157-77This study aims to analyze the strategies and complexities for music diffusion, circulation and consumption, having as scope the appropriation of communication tools and venues by musicians independent of the cities of São Luis - MA and Teresina - PI; reflect on the impacts of these recent but transformative movements against the new dynamics of culture in the digital era; and, also, to understand strains and challenges of artistic autonomy and independence given the dominant music industry. In our first methodological walkthrough, which was the bibliographical one, we have sought the comprehension about the online culture, associated to the communication practices in the cyberspace. Due to a restructuring in the music industry, opportunities have been opened in which the independent artist and the fans have commenced to act at the core of the process of transmitting and circulating culture in the virtual sphere, due to the appropriations of the current digital communication means. As online sociocultural experiences differ from face-to-face experiences, we have deemed significant to use as methodological contribution to empirical research the online ethnography or netnography. In a qualitative manner, this study does not offer universal generalizations, as it is based on a particular and specific context. Nevertheless, it is understood that this netnographic study can raise theoretical formulations that deepen the understanding of the complex relation established in this context.The online fields studied were three fan pages of independent bands from the cities of São Luis and Teresina. To implement the study, several methods were combined in the netnographic research, among them: direct participant observation in social networking sites, face-to-face interviews, observation - with a specific target - and archival data collections (taken from social network pages of analyzed bands). As a sample, we have had three bands from the independent music scene of the cities aforementioned, whose representatives were interviewed in person at the data collection stage. To analyze the research data, we have followed the proposed criteria for the netnographic study and associated it with two other methods: interviewing analysis and network conversation analysis. After this walkthrough, our study identified, in relation to the analyzed bands, the strategies employed in social networking sites in view of fans' participation and engagement, aiming at achieving network popularity. We also analyzed the difficulties and challenges that the independent musicians of our research have faced in order to circulate their art in cyberspace; we have pointed out that this fact is associated to control mechanisms of the traditional media that are occupying the virtual space. Therefore, the so-called network neutrality can be a utopia that is further and further away from being achieved. Our study is interdisciplinary and the analysis bases are the communication sciences and the computer-mediated communication (CMC), since they are a constituent and decisive part of new habits, sociability manners and social relationship practices, merged into the day-to-day basis of billions of people.Item O romance como antídoto em Jean-Jacques Rousseau(Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2017-01-30) SILVA, Priscila de Oliveira; FAÇANHA, Luciano da Silva; 336.745.293-87Jean-Jacques Rousseau, despite living in the 18th century, it is different from their contemporaries by not look with optimism that the Enlightenment, considered the centuries of Lights, brought to society. As for the intellectual community the society came to an apex of moral progress and scientific developments with the Enlightenment Having as basic principle the reason, continuing the movement started by the Renaissance, that is, to use the rational knowledge against ignorance, superstition and belief. Rousseau says in his work entitled The Discourse on the sciences and the arts that science, the arts and letters alienate man from his natural state, and stifle their freedom. However, soon the philosopher is accused of contradiction, because even cursing the letters, launches the novel Julia or the New Heloise under the pretext of writing it with the end moral of protecting the readers of a society corrupted. The critique of the Rousseau was also for another reason: the novel was seen as a narrative frivolous and immoral because it is a tale of fiction, and as contrary to the rational order and the canons Aristotelian. In this way, it was necessary to analyze the emergence and the rise of the narrative romance within a cultural landscape and epistemological in contrast to classical aesthetics. Next, we investigated the entry and the originality of Rousseau in romanticism and the fracture with the classical aesthetic. Subsequently, we trace the trajectory of humanity corrupted by Rousseau in the discourse on the origin and the inequality between men, as well as the trajectory of the history of language until the language in the essay on the origin of languages, these two concepts of philosophy rousseauniana. And, finally, we tried to investigate the alleged paradox of Rousseau, like him, a critic of the letters, also be a writer of romance, and with the moral justification to retain people.Item Acesso à justiça: a contribuição para a sociedade contemporânea das Serventias Judiciais como alternativa ao Poder Judiciário(Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2017-05-04) SARDINHA, Cristiano de Lima Vaz; SOUSA, Mônica Teresa Costa; 440.586.403-91It analyzes access to justice as a fundamental right, which is also an essential condition for the realization of the other basic fundamental rights for a dignified human existence. It studies the historical development of the dimensions of fundamental rights and their characteristics in the national legal order. On the other hand, it verifies the restrictions on the effective exercise of access to justice that most compromise this right and jeopardize social harmony. A parallel is made between the philosophical theories of Ihering and Rousseau, in order to demonstrate that access to justice is the legitimate way of fighting for rights. It analyzes the extra-judicial services as an alternative to the effective access to justice, thus, it deals with the history and importance of notary and registry activity within striking civilizations, followed by an approach to the foundations and the principiological base that Legal and notarial law. At that time, it deals with extrajudicial procedures that are carried out by notaries and registrars, who guarantee access to justice and unclog the Judiciary. Methodologically allied with the bibliographic research with the analytical research of data of the report called "justice in numbers" of the National Council of Justice (CNJ). Thus, a qualitative analysis of the data of the report of the year 2016 will be carried out, carried out by the National Council of Justice, which brought for the first time the count of the procedural duration, demonstrating the average time it takes to complete a lawsuit Different judicial bodies, and also verified the percentage of conciliations that were carried out in the Judiciary. In this way, it will be possible to critically and constructively analyze the theory presented with the reality of access to justice in Brazil.Item O estado laico e a liberdade de culto:discussões a partir das concepções políticas e religiosas em Jean-Jacques Rousseau(Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2018-01-29) RIBEIRO, Joás de Jesus; Façanha, Luciano da Silva; 336743293-87; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7318884096236926; FAÇANHA, Luciano da Silva; 336743293-87; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7318884096236926; SILVA JÚNIOR, Francisco Valderio Pereira da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9611868983567957; CARVALHO, Zilmara de Jesus Viana de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2083775393424616The present study approaches the political and religious conceptions through the writings of Jean-Jacques Rousseau, the research is considered from the historical-cultural context of the thinker, having as scene the Enlightenment and the strong influences of the Christian religion in the institutions that compose the State. For the author, religion should not occupy the central role in political activity, porting does not serve to legitimize political power. In the Work of the Social Contract or principles of Political Right (1762), the recognition of the political authority competes only to the general will. However, the writer does not propose the end of religion, in contrast to some illuminists of the eighteenth century. In fact the philosopher presents a civil religion based on the social contract and guided by nature. Hence the need for an education that awakens the sensibility and preparation of man to the natural, as he argues in Emile or on Education (1762). The condemnation of his works announced the winds of change that the French Revolution brought with him eleven years after the death of the Genevan. Thus, the result of this proposal was the defense of the people's sovereignty, as legitimate political authority. This democratic posture of Rousseau made possible respect for political freedom, the secular state and freedom of worshipItem O significado da cultura no processo de desenvolvimento: a configuração do Programa Mais Cultura pela Biblioteca Pública Benedito Leite a partir das ações do segmento livro, leitura, literatura e biblioteca(Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2018-07-27) FERREIRA, Gilvane Carvalho; CARVALHO, Conceição de Maria Belfort de; 684190823-68; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7821541616565704; CARVALHO, Conceição de Maria Belfort de; 684190823-68; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7821541616565704; CUTRIM, Kláutenys Dellene Guedes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4310600393313804; FONSECA, Ana Silvina Ferreira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3825588808985481The policy cultural is imbued with a conception of culture for the formulation of its actions. The Mais Cultura Program, created by Decree No. 6.226/2007 under the first public policy for culture, adopted the three-dimensionality of culture (economic, citizen and symbolic) and encompassed all cultural actions and projects, including policies for the Book, Reading, Literature and Libraries (BRLL) segment. In Maranhão, actions for that segment were coordinated by the State Public Library System (SPLS) of the Public Library Benedito Leite. Thus, the dissertation entitled "The meaning of culture in the development process: the configuration of the Mais Cultura Program by the Public Library Benedito Leite from the actions of the book, reading, literature and library segment" has the objective of analyzing the configuration of the Mais Cultura Program by the Public Library Benedito Leite in the period 2007 to 2011. For that, approaches are taken on cultural policies and the notion of development. It is located the public library and its history linked to the book and consequently to reading even in cultural policies. The Mais Cultura Program is contextualized and characterized in the federal and Maranhão regions, its repercussion in the municipal public libraries in Maranhão and specifically in the PLBL focus of the analysis for the guiding question of the research: how the More Culture Program was configured in Maranhão from the actions for the articulated Book, Reading, Literature and Library segment by the Public Library Benedito Leite? Other questions, too, are relevant as: Has the development program of the Mais Cultura Program been developed by BPBL with actions in line with its cultural dimensions? What actions has BPBL created or used to articulate the actions of the Mais Cultura Program in Maranhão, in order to overcome its challenges? For this, the methodological procedures of historical research, bibliographic research and documentary research are used, using the relation of complementarity that they present in documentary analysis. It is concluded that the PLBL articulated the actions for the BRLL segment, responding to the formulations of the Mais Cultura Program and the National Plan of the Book and Reading (NPBR) to overcome its challenges in the field of culture and education. The culture transversal enabled the PLBL the development of actions for the segment aimed at valuing cultural expressions and cultural diversity of the municipalities. The culture as strategy of the development promotes cultural development as the development of reading by the public library contributes to the development of this cultural institution.Item Representações sobre o patrimônio: participação popular nas políticas habitacionais de interesse social no Centro Histórico de São Luís – MA(Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2019-01-07) SILVA, Ivanilde da Conceição; MENENDEZ, Larissa Lacerda; 894436751-53; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8070939322802687; CUTRIM, Klautenys Dellene Guedes; 437518303-91; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4310600393313804; CUTRIM, Klautenys Dellene Guedes; 437518303-91; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4310600393313804; MENENDEZ, Larissa Lacerda; 894436751-53; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8070939322802687; BANDEIRA, Arkley Marques; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3764150553908789; BORGES, Débora Garreto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3540598412447734Public housing policies in Brazil have been following a linear trend since the 1930s, when the state began to admit that housing issues were directly linked to the social, economic and political order. In this sense, the State began to intervene by adopting measures that reduce the housing deficit and provide residents, especially in urban areas, with housing with adequate infrastructure. In Brazil's public housing policies are inserted policies that were developed specifically to reduce housing deficit of the historical centers of the safeguarded cities, taking into account the fact that they are considered Brazilian cultural heritage. Moreover, this research objective is to understand how the participation of the historical center residents regarding housing public policies related to the social interest over the historical center of São Luís occurs. For this purpose, research is framed as a case study: it has a qualitative approach supported by bibliographical surveys and uses observation in loco and semi-structured interviews as instruments of data collection. In order to achieve the objectives above mentioned, it is necessary to undertake an analysis on how does a world cultural heritage city is constituted and how do the housing policies focused on historical centers are developed, emphasizing the Historical Center of São Luís. After these studies, it was possible to verify that, despite the efforts of the organs responsible for the protection of these patrimonial spaces in the development of partnerships with other national and international bodies in order to formulate specific policies to revitalize the central areas and to alleviate housing deficits, has not yet been sufficient to meet the demands of the population.