Teses e Dissertações

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UM MÉTODO PARA ELICITAÇÃO E MODELAGEM DE REQUISITOS BASEADO EM OBJETIVOS
(Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2002-03-27) CARVALHO, Márcia Cristina Ferro; ABDELOUAHAB, Zair; CPF:61438154372; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3277510464047127
This work proposes an integration of the approach CREWS L ecritoire based on scenarios with the approach of use cases described by Regnell & al and the Method GBRAM. In this case, the work of Regnell is extended with the notion of Requirement Chunk (RC), strategies for discovering objectives through the relationships AND, OR, and refinement between RCs, as well as extending the model with a physical level where the internal actions of the system are described. On the other side, the approach CREWS L ecritoire is extended with coupling of objective and use case where the scenarios are obtained by applying a strategy of refining use cases, and also with an integration of normal and exceptional scenarios in one synthetic model of use with one unique vision for each actor. The Method GBRAM is extended with the alternative contract dependency, composicional contract dependency, inclusive and exclusive contract dependency, as well it introduzed the use case technique, described by Regnell et al and extended with the notion of scenarios for caracterize exceptionals, variationals and normal situations. With the integration of threes methods, the new method which benefit from the advantages of the approaches of CREWS-L ecritoire, use cases.and goals. The new method proposes a coupling between objective and Use Cases in a top-down decomposition of different levels of abstraction. The method combines the two concepts into a Requirement Chunk (RC). An RC is a pair of related with AND, OR and refinement. These three types of relations between RCs lead to a hierarchic organisation of RCs in three levels of abstractions: functional, behaviour, and physical.
ALOCAÇÃO ÓTIMA DE CAPACITORES EM SISTEMAS DE DISTRIBUIÇÃO RADIAL, UTILIZANDO-SE ESTRATÉGIAS EVOLUTIVAS
(Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2002-05-29) Petinelli, Airton Egydio; SAAVEDRA MENDEZ, Osvaldo Ronald; CPF:10813804892; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6400934417933768
Static reactive power sources, such as shunt capacitors, have been commonly used to provide reactive compensation in distribution systems, minimizing losses and keeping voltage levels within operational limits. Heuristic algorithms for capacitor placement have been proposed in several works. However, the majority of these approaches converge to a local solution. This dissertation presents a hierarchical evolution strategy-based approach for solving the optimal reactive sources placement in radial distribution systems. The approach is based on the (m+l)-EE paradigm, improved by mutations control and by two types of mutations: the classical Gaussian mutation and the Cauchy-based mutation. Discrete standard capacitor values with non-linear cost are considered. Constraints such as the maximum number of parallel banks and installations cost are included. Validation tests have been performed using a real industrial feeder.
Filtragem robusta de trajetórias de veículos espaciais.
(Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2002-12-13) Abreu, José Alano Péres de; COSTA FILHO, José Tarcisio; CPF:21155178300
In this work, a new methodology of filtering data of paths of space vehicles is proposed H2 and H∞ saw state estimates and discreet. In that new methodology, it is obtained, initially, the solution of the problem of filtering of data of paths of space vehicles saw state estimate through the equations of the filter of Kalman for Predicted Estimators and Filtered Estimators. The problem is solved through the mathematical development of the equations of the filter of Kalman that has as main function, to find a state estimate that minimizes the least-squares error. The equations mathematics are used for the development of the algorithm of the filter of Kalman. The algorithm of filtering of Kalman has two basic functions: prediction and correction. In the prediction phase the initial estimates and updating of the time of sampling are given, while, in the correction phase they are updated the measures. It is applied, also, the new methodology proposed in the project of filtering of data of path of space vehicles H∞ saw state estimate through equations of robust filter. The robust filtering has as function to esteem a linear combination that minimizes the norm, that has the interpretation of the existence of earnings of maximum energy of the entrance for the exit. In addition, it is obtained a new algorithm for filtering of data of paths of space vehicles, now through state estimate. All the project procedures are cultured through some applied examples to systems of tracking of space vehicles. The results are compared and discussed.
SISTEMA ESPECIALISTA PARA IDENTIFICAÇÃO DE FALHAS E TOMADA DE DECISÃO
(Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2003-04-15) Moura, José Pinheiro de; Labidi, Sofiane; CPF:61878782300; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3474810859116416; FONSECA NETO, João Viana da; CPF:2199749048; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0029055473709795
In this work is presented the development and implementation of an Expert System to detect faults and decision making over the faults of mineral belt conveyors. This system applies artificial intelligence techniques to help the operator s decision making during the production process. It uses the CommonKADS reference methodology for knowledge acquisition and modeling. In this approach is also emphasized the difficulties in getting accurate and qualitative information, to support the decision making, and provide the users with highly trustable mechanisms able to analyze, select and drive to them the right information, meeting the demanded requisites for optimum performance during the operation of the belt conveyor.
WORKFLAGE: uma ferramenta de definição e criação de Workflow baseado em agentes de software para WEICOT
(Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2003-11-26) Fialho, Hugo Sampaio; LABIDI, Sofiane; CPF:61878782300; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3474810859116416
The Workflow Management Systems (WfMS) have been used in many organizations with the objective of reducing, improve and control the workflow in their internal process. Current WfMS are, usually, designed to the administration of loosely structured businesses process, where the logical flow of the tasks totally predefined. However, not all business processess are like this. With the coming of the new communication technologies among the 6 organizations, the business environment becoming more and more dynamic demanding more complex processes. Considering this scenario, existent WfMS have some disadvantages and limitations and need improvements and modifications. Many researchers have been exploring the power of software agent's technology to provide solutions for current WfMS. There are several approaches, some are improvements with agents, another are based on agents. In this work we present the WorkFlage as a tool for the development Workflow Management Systems based on to technologies of Software Agents for the model proposed by the project WEICOT. The work is organized in 9 chapters where we cover from the technology of Workflow, going through a summary of the agents' technology, the state of the art in workflow based on agents, to case stud y of materials purchase where we demonstrate the application of the WorkFlage tool. At the end of this work we will make some final considerations where we propose improvements and suggestions for future works.
MINIMIZAÇÃO DO CUSTO DO SERVIÇO DE POTÊNCIA REATIVA FORNECIDA PELOS GERADORES LEVANDO EM CONTA A RESERVA DE POTÊNCIA
(Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2005-03-04) Rodríguez, Yuri Percy Molina; SAAVEDRA MENDEZ, Osvaldo Ronald; CPF:10813804892; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6400934417933768
In the operation of the power transmission system the problems of voltage/reactive power can occur at any time due the contingencies and/or alterations in the demand. Therefore, reactive services are necessary to perform the control in relatively small time periods to improve the operation state and avoid the degradation of the security and the reliability of the system.The ancillary service of reactive power can be contracted by the System Independent Operator of agents connected to the Electrical system, such as generators, capacitor/reator banks, static VAR compensators static, compensators synchronous, among others.The present work proposes a methodology for minimizing the price of the reactive power service considering the coupling between this ancillary service and the power reserve service and the power market as well. For evaluation of the performance, it is considering the method of payment for reserve allocated for service of reserve power, and tests to evaluate its impact in the cost of the reactive power by using the IEEE 14-buses and IEEE 30-buses test systems, are performed. Discussions and relevant conclusions are also reported.
Estudo da Utilização de Mecanismos de QoS em Redes com Enlaces de Banda Estreita
(Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2005-03-14) MELO, José Coelho de; ABDELOUAHAB, Zair; CPF:61438154372; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3277510464047127
This work presents several ways of using mechanisms of Quality of Service (QoS) in networks hardwired for links of short band. It is demonstrated that the use of mechanisms of QoS brings profits of performance for priority applications and rationality in the use of band resources. The work is developed in a test platform of Previdência Social. Implementations of the PHBs EF, Afs and BE are tested. The work has evaluated the capacities to offer guaranteed band, traffic priority, conditioning of traffic and the impact of the competition between traffic classes. The experiments are mounted using the architecture of differentiated services (DiffServ) of platform Cisco, that is the standard in the network of the Previdência Social and are manipulated the mechanisms of classification, control of congestion, policing and conformation of traffic. The results give subsidy for implementation of some models of QoS in IP networks, mainly for those that serve short band.
Simulações atomísticas em trifluoretos (REF3) e óxidos metálicos mistos (Re(TiTa)06) de terras-raras
(Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2006-02-22) Diniz, Eduardo Moraes; PASCHOAL, Carlos William de Araújo; 461.412.863-72
In this work static atomistic simulations were performed to investigate two systems: rare-earth trifluorides, REF3, with tysonite structure (RE = La, Ce, Pr and Nd) and rare-earth mixed metallic oxides, RE(TiTa)O6, with RE = Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Y, Er and Yb. In the rare-earth trifluorides was investigated the pressure induced structural phase transition identified by X-ray powder difraction in RE = La and Ce. The results shown that the crystalline structure is possibly tetragonal, in concordance with quantum mechanical calculations. For this, an interionic potential set that describes better the structural data of each compound and the physical observable was obtained. Besides, it was observed that critical pressure values were closed. The study involving the rare-earth mixed metallic oxides was focused in determining their bulk and structural properties. Thus, firstly a set of reliable interionic potentials was looked for to reproduce the crystalline structure and the physical observable, trough the investigation of three methodologies for obtaining interionic potentials, assuming the methodology that reproduces more reliable the dielectric constants. Furthermore, others bulk properties as lattice energy formation, elastic constants and bulk modulii were calculated. All then shown a rare-earth ionic radii dependence that revealed the morphotropic phase boundary between aeschynite and euxenite crystalline structures presented by these crystals.
Análise da Confiabilidade em Redes de Distribuição Radiais: Reconfiguração e Alocação de Geração Distribuída
(Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2006-03-10) Coelho Neto, Agnelo; SILVA, Maria da Guia da; CPF:09837418400; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5175196133230969
The distribution utilities must satisfy two concurrent objectives during planning process of the electric network: minimization of the investment cost and the satisfaction of reliability targets. An alternative to satisfy these objectives is to include low cost alternatives in the planning process. One of these alternatives is the reconfiguration of the distribution network. The reconfiguration of the distribution network can reduce the loss and balance the loads in the system only with opening and closing of switches without additional investment cost. In addition to reconfiguration, another alternative of low cost is the Distributed Generation (DG) allocation. This alternative became feasible due to the recent technological advances in the building of turbines that reduced significantly the costs of energy generation. In this way, the DG is a attractive option to satisfy the demand growth and minimize the costs associated with: building of new substations, feeder reconductoring and transformer upgrading. Consequently, is opportune to develop methodologies that include the reconfiguration and the DG in the planning of the distribution network. This dissertation presents the development of two methodologies for the planning of distribution networks: reconfiguration and optimal allocation of DG. The first part of the dissertation presents the development of the methodology for the network reconfiguration. Usually, the reconfiguration is carried out with the following objectives: minimization of the electric losses, voltage profile correction and load balancing between feeders. In this dissertation, in addition to these objectives, reliability constraints have been included in the reconfiguration methodology. This methodology is based on the combination of the following techniques: power flow algorithm, based on the Power Summation Method, to estimate the state of the network; analytic techniques to estimate the reliability indices and Tabu Search to identify the optimal topology. The second part of the research work presents the development of the methodology for the allocation of DG. This methodology has as objective to attend a forecasted demand level without violating operational constraints of the network (feeders loading and voltage drops) and minimizing the interruption costs through the DG allocation. These objectives are satisfied minimizing the cost/worth ratio between the installation/operation costs of DG and the costs associated with: interruptions, noncommercialized, energy purchases and electric losses. The minimization of the cost/worth ratio described above has been carried out by combining the following techniques: analytic approaches to estimate the impact of DG in the reliability indices, load flow algorithm to estimate the losses and violations in the operational constraints and genetic algorithms to maximize the cost worth ratio. The impact of the DG in the reliability indices has been considered including network constraints (voltage drop and feeder loading) in the predictive reliability model. The models and techniques proposed in this dissertation for the reconfiguration and DG allocation have been validated and applied in two large scale substations belonging to distribution network of the Electricity Utility of Maranhão - CEMAR. The results obtained with the algorithm of reconfiguration demonstrated that the proposed methodology was capable of reducing the losses in the feeders without deteriorating the reliability. Furthermore, the application of the methodology of DG allocation in the test system resulted in a cost/worth ratio lower than one.
AVALIAÇÃO DA ATIVIDADE LEISHMANICIDA DE ESPÉCIES VEGETAIS
(Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2006-03-17) Bezerra, Jeamile Lima; RIBEIRO, Maria Nilce de Sousa; CPF:03211908234
The Leishmaniose, infectum-parasitic illness caused by protozoans of the Leishmania sort, is still one of the biggest problems of public health affecting about 12 millions of people in 88 countries, with the 1-2 register million new cases annually. Of all the cases of LT, 90% occur in Brazil, Peru, Afghanistan, Algeria, Saudi Arabia, Syria e Anger. In Brazil, leishmaniose is one antropozoonose emergent had mainly to occured changes in the chain epidemiologist, including alterations in the reservoirs, vectors and hosts, in result of the social, economic and cultural conditions of the population. The Leishmaniose American Tegumentar (LTA) has been pointed in practically all the Brazilian states with gradual increase of cases, registering in recent years in the regions North, Northeast, Center-West and South.Isolated natural composites of plants had had and continue having a great one impact in supervened and the treatment of some diseases human beings. Moreover, the plants they are important substance sources, many of which if they constitute in raw materials or archetypes for synthesis of new remedies.
Classificação de Lesões em Mamografias Digitais Utilizando Análise de Componentes Independentes e Perceptron Multicamadas
(Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2006-03-24) Campos, Lucio Flavio de Albuquerque; BARROS FILHO, Allan Kardec Duailibe; CPF:34022589353; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0492330410079141
We propose a method for discrimination and classification of mammograms with benign, malignant and normal tissues using independent component analysis and neural networks. The method was tested for a mammogram set from MIAS database, and multilayer perceptron. The method obtained a success rate of 97.83% , with 97.5% of specificity and 98% of sensitivity.
ESTUDO DAS REAÇÕES DE OXIDAÇÃO DE METANOL E ETANOL SOBRE CATALISADORES BI E TRIMETÁLICOS ATRAVÉS DE TÉCNICAS DE VOLTAMETRIA CÍCLICA E DEMS
(Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2006-07-24) Silva, Quésia Guedes da; RODRIGUES, Isaide de Araújo; CPF:17928893304
The interest in the use of methanol and ethanol as fuels in a fuel cell is justified by the search for new energy conversers, more efficient and less polluters. This work presents the study of the oxidation reaction these alcohols on catalysts obtained by potentiostatic deposition of Pt or codeposition of PtRu, PtRuSn e PtSn using as subtract a Teflon membrane GORE-TEK with sputtering of 600nm of gold and a geometric area of 1,11cm2. The reference electrode used was the reversible of hydrogen, as an opposite electrode there was a platinum sheet. The experiments were made using the combination of cyclic voltammetry and on line mass spectrometry, called differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS) The electroposits were examined using X-ray energy dispersive analysis (EDAX) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) The electrochemistry results have shown that Pt-Ru catalyst presented better catalitic activity to methanol oxidation in lower potentials, showing the following sequence to catalitic activity: PtRu > PtRuSn @ PtSn > Pt. The mass spectrometry data have shown similar results with better performance to PtRu electrode in the CO2 (m/z = 44) production. In the case of the ethanol oxidation the electrochemistry data show that the catalyst Pt-Sn and Pt-Ru- Sn were the most active in lower potentials. The mass spectrometry results have shown that, when compared with others, the PtSn electrode presents greater activity both in the CO2 production as well as in the acetaldehyde s.
SUSTENTABILIDADE DA PESCA ARTESANAL NO LAGO DE VIANA, ÁREA DE PROTEÇÃO AMBIENTAL DA BAIXADA MARANHENSE
(Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2006-09-28) Costa, Clarissa Lobato da; CASTRO, Antônio Carlos Leal de; CPF:06486800372; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9450410023114396
The artisan fishing is one of the main economic activities in the town of Viana. It involves an expressive amount of people daily practicing that activity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the artisan fishing considering the seasonality of the region, approaching the socio-economical and ecological dimensions for the sustainability of the activity. The methodology used was questionnaires and later the following of the fishery unloading to determine the destiny of the fishing product. It was also used the hydro balance calculation to consider fishing sustainable sceneries. The results demonstrated that even having a guaranteed daily food the fisherman is the one who has the lowest financial gain from the activity, living in very poor conditions. It was recorded in Viana Lake the existence of twenty-six species belonging to seventeen families and twenty-four genera. The species Plagioscion squamosissimus (south american silver croaker), Pygocentrus nattereri (red piranha) and Prochilodus nigricans (black prochilodus) occured during the whole year, being meaningful in the captures, while Schizodon vittatus (aracu) and Pimelodus omatus (bloch´s catfish) appeared more frequently in the rainy season. It can also be observed that Hoplias malabaricus (trahira) and Loricariichthys sp (loricaria), known as black fish appeared more frequently in the dry season. This paper presents as an alternative to the sustainability in the region sceneries related to damming up water through building small dams into canals. When it comes to fishing activities, though, investments in aquaculture, to promote the creation of native species in community could be an alternative as the area shows an irregular hydro period.
DISCURSOS SOBRE SEXUALIDADE EM ESTUDANTES UNIVERSITÁRIAS DE SÃO LUÍS-MA
(Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2006-11-29) Rêgo, Adriana Sousa; Neves, Ednalva Maciel; CPF:30218519400; LAMY, Zeni Carvalho; CPF:12832693334
Study about the sexuality in academical students of medium layers in São Luís. It is a descriptive study of qualitative approach that had the main objective to know the construction of the sexuality and specific objectives: to characterize socioeconomic the students interviewed, to identify the students' conceptions about sexuality and to investigate aspects related to the sexual and contraceptive practices. The information was collected among students of the courses of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy of Faculdade Santa Terezinha CEST from two research instruments: questionnaire and semi-structured interview. fifteen students were interviewed with ages between 19 and 25 years, with sexual active life, and thirteen pronounced to be unmarried women and two stable relationship. The collected information points to the conservative discursive reproduction. A differentiated paper of the family was observed in relation to the sexuality, where were differed the equalitarian model, the family silence model and the hierarchical model. The students' autonomy was identified through their initiatives as for the sexual practices, the meanings that attributed to the sexuality, as well as the domain of the sexual practices and the contraceptive choices. The sexuality was predominantly referred as sexual action, and, pleasure and orgasm were understood, by the students, as synonyms.
USO E OCUPAÇÃO DO SOLO NO ENTORNO DOS LAGOS CAJARI E FORMOSO, PENALVA-MA, APA BAIXADA MARANHENSE, E SUA INFLUÊNCIA NAS VARIÁVEIS LIMNOLÓGICAS
(Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2006-11-29) Miranda, Glaciane Penha Everton; Barreto, Larissa Nascimento; CPF:35178884353; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1295307492454506; BARBIERI, Ricardo; CPF:02633654843; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7855178261402046; Cavalcante, Paulo Roberto Saraiva; CPF:04571460368; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2333353218757099; Policarpo Neto, José; CPF:01682016315; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1666123604162343
This work was carried out with the objective of verifying whether the soil use and occupation near the Lakes Cajari and Formoso, Penalva MA, in the Environmental Protection Area of Baixada Maranhense, exert influence on these lakes limnological variables. The study of the soil use and occupation was made by means of the analysis and interpretation of satellite Landsat 5-TM images from the two lakes studied, with 30 meter spatial resolution at the image bands 3, 4 and 5 regarding to the years 1990 and 2004. For the analysis of some limnological variables, two samplings were made in the dry period and one in the rainy period. The results for Cajari Lake indicated that the area occupied by the lake teorically remained the same, even after the construction of a dam near the town; the urban area has become tripled at that time interval; the capoeira vegetation left by the agricultural use were invaded by the babaçu vegetation; the extensive cattle creation is a human activity which is contributing for water chemical change and despite of all tensions which the lake is tolerating, such as urban occupation and deforestation at its margins, it maintain satisfactory their sanitary conditions. For Formoso Lake, the results showed it is well preserved in relation to Cajari Lake whereas it presented very discrete modifications, though their margins suffer constant collisions with the floating islands; it was not possible to evidence by means of satellite images the urban occupation near the lake because of the rustic model of residences, which is an important factor for its preservation. Comparing the lakes shape, Formoso Lake is stretched while Cajari Lake trends to a dendritic form. This fact explains the compartiment structure of the limnological characteristics verified at the last one. In conformation with the resolution N. 357/2005 of the National Environmental Council (CONAMA), the studied lakes are classified as freshwater bodies, category 2.
Comunicação Segura e Confiável para Sistemas Multiagentes Adaptando Especificações XML
(Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2006-12-01) OLIVEIRA, Emerson José Santos; ABDELOUAHAB, Zair; CPF:61438154372; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3277510464047127
Multi-agent systems are evolving to enterprise applications and they are more used in open environments, such as the Internet. Many issues should be considered with this evolution, like security and reliability of communication. In this work, we propose a solution for secure communication and a solution for a reliable communication; both solutions are for multi-agent systems. These solutions adapt XML technologies and consist of several XML Specifications and RDF standard. For secure communication, we adapt the XML-DSig specification to provide integrity and digital signature; the XMLEnc specification is used to provide confidentiality through encryption, and the XKMS specification is used to provide PKI support. For reliable communication, we adapt the WS-RM specification that guarantees the message delivery. The RDF standard enables agents for exchanging messages using XML syntax. In this work, the tests with prototypes of the proposed solutions and comparisons with other solutions are also presented.
PROPOST: UMA FERRAMENTA BASEADA EM CONHECIMENTO PARA GESTÃO DE PORTIFÓLIO DE PROJETOS.
(Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2007-02-12) VIEIRA, Eduardo Newton Oliveira; GIRARDI, Rosario; 590.437.170-53; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5317074159250496; GIRARDI GUTIÉRREZ, Maria Del Rosario; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5317074159250496; ABDELOUAHAB, Zair; COSTA, Evandro de Barros; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5760364940162939
This work introduces PROPOST (Project Portfolio Support Tool), a knowledgebased software tool for supporting Project Portfolio Management – an increasing management model nowadays. This tool focuses on a project definition process, and was modeled using the MAAEM methodology and the ONTORMAS ontology-driven tool, as well as by reusing the ONTOINFO and ONTOWUM ontologies, which describe software product families for the development of Information Retrieval and Filtering applications, respectively. PROPOST looks for providing resource optimization by supporting reuse of existing information systems as well as avoiding duplicity on project definition for the composition on the organization’s software portfolio. The tool was created not only as a contribution for solving a current problem related to redundancy on portfolio definition, as well as support for several activities related to portfolio management (select, prioritization and evaluation). The development of PROPOST provides references on how ontology-based development can help in the software development process. It also contributes as a case study for evaluating the MAAEM methodology and the ONTORMAS ontology used in modeling process, having provided several hints for their improvement.
Polinização, sistema reprodutivo e abelhas visitantes de duas espécies simpátricas de Byrsonima (Malpighiaceae) em área de cerrado no Maranhão, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2007-02-26) MENDES, Fernanda Nogueira; ALBUQUERQUE, Patricia Maia Corrêa de; CPF:27005305353; RÊGO, Márcia Maria Corrêa; CPF:27005518349; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0553701192565687; MACHADO, Isabel Cristina Sobreira; CPF:18717519420; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9624864332158474
(Pollination and Reproduction System of Byrsonima umbellata Mart. (Malpighiaceae) in Cerrado at Maranhão, Brazil). The reproductive biology of Byrsonima umbellata was studied in a Cerrado area close to Bom Jesus (03°12'28 '' S, 43°24'12 '' W) far from 46 km of the municipal district of Urbano Santos, northeast of Maranhão, Brazil, from Mar to Oct/2005 and Mar to Oct/2006. Flowering phenology, morphology and floral biology were studied and bees visitors were observed. The breeding system was verified through experimental pollinations in the field. Byrsonima umbellata is a specie with hermaphrodite flowers, of diurnal anthesis and high pollen viability. The flowering pattern is annual, extensive and irregular, having production of buds and flowers more or less constant along the months. The controlled pollinations showed that the species is partially self-incompatible. Forty two species of bee visitors were observed. The tribe Meliponini presented larger abundance, while the wealth was larger in the Centridini tribe.
DAS TREVAS À LUZ : os Canela a caminho do desenvolvimento sustentável
(Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2007-03-13) GOMES, Francisco Ernesto Basílio; COELHO, Elizabeth Maria Beserra; CPF:09895434120; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5976340283035276
This dissertation analyses the Project of Combat to the Rural Poorness executed by the government of Maranhão State, in the period between 1998 and 2004, and its application to the indigenous people. The theoretical object to that dissertation is the comprehension of the relation between the government of Maranhão State and indigenous people. It was made the map of the conceptions of de poorness from the project trying to identify in what measure those conceptions contemplate the cultural diverseness of indigenous people. It is also analysed the relation between the perspective of the combat to the poorness associate to the tenable development used in the en forcement of the PCPR Ma. The theoretical mention of the research is inspired in the perspective of the postcolonial studies developed by cry authors like: Escobar (1996) Mignglo (2003) and Lander (2005). I tried to understand the poorness like representation according to Sousa s approach (2001). It also realized a fieldwork in the indigenous village from Escavaldo, from indigenous people Ramkokamekra/ Canela objecting to understand as it has related to the electrical energy, result of the PCPR Ma. Specifically trying to understand the cause of the choice in electrical energy as communal subproject of the combat to the poorness.
MECANISMO DE AUXÍLIO AO PROFESSOR PARA O AMBIENTE NETCLASS DE ENSINO-APRENDIZAGEM.
(Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2007-06-18) BRANDÃO NETO, PEDRO; MARTINS, Ademir; LABIDI, Sofiane; 618.787.823-04; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3474810859116416
Distance Education environments, nowadays, provide means for learner evaluation. This task, still, requires effort of the teacher. So, the learner accompaniment in distance teaching-learning environments, obtained through the observation of the learner activities, it presents referring problems to the lack of mechanisms that offer an effective support to the teacher in the orientation for the learner. These existent mechanisms only present results to the teacher without to do any inference, like this, self teacher needs to analyze those results manually in search of subsidies to do a precise orientation, showing the possible causes and addressing the learner for the correct road. However, to dower a mechanism with inference capacity is necessary to capture the knowledge of as the teacher fulfills the leaner accompaniment for, later, to transfer this knowledge for a knowledge base with inference capacity. The necessary knowledge for the teacher to realize the learner accompaniment in a teaching-learning environment is the evaluation criterions that are defined by course pedagogic coordination or teacher of the teaching institution. However, those evaluation criterions are generic and not standardized hindering, therefore, the consent of the same; was realized a theoretical rising for the definition of the evaluation criterions in the NetClass environment. This research generated the knowledge on the development of a model denominated Learner Accompaniment Support Mechanism based on techniques of Artificial Intelligence, which is applied to the NetClass environment of teaching-learning.

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