Teses e Dissertações

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Navegando Teses e Dissertações por Autor "021.133.087-62"

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    Aspectos clássicos da eletrodinâmica de Maxwell suplementada pelo termo CPT-par do setor de gauge do Modelo Padrão Estendido
    (Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2009-07-06) Pinheiro, Paulo Rogério Dias; FERREIRA JUNIOR, Manoel Messias; 021.133.087-62
    The possibility of spontaneous breaking of Lorentz symmetry in the context of string theory appeared in 1990´s as an element capable to direct new ways for developing physics at Planck scale. Possible breaking of Lorentz invariance is seen as a characteristic of the physics beyond the usual Model Standard, that forbids such breaking in its structure. The observation of Lorentz breaking (LV) at lower energies can be seen as an evidence of occurrence of Lorentz spontaneous breaking at Planck scale, with important consequence for the development of the quantum gravitation theory. This work aims at studying the LV effects in a regime of low energies, more necessarily in the context of the Maxwell electrodynamics, in the presence of the CPT-even term (W∝υρφF∝υFρφ) of the standard model extension. In the first part of the work, we deal with the electrodynamics stemming from the parity-odd sector of the tensor W∝υρφ, where the electric and magnetic sectors are connected by the breaking parameter (violating vector k). The method of Green is then used to yield the classic solutions for this electrodynamics. It is observed that Lorentz-violating coefficients contribute in first order for the electric and magnetic sectors. An experiment of feasible accomplishment in laboratory is considered for stipulating an upper bound for the background magnitude (k < 10−16). In the sequel we deal with the electrodynamics stemming from the parity-even sector of the tensor W∝υρφ. The solutions for the electric and magnetic sector are attained similarly by the Green method. With such solutions, we are able to impose an upper bound on the parameters: (eκe−)ib < 2.9 × 10−20. Finally, we evaluate the gauge propagator of this theory, both for the parity-even and the parity-odd sectors. We then use it to analyze the stability, causality and unitary of this model. Keywords: Maxwell electrodynamics, Lorentz symmetry, Classical solutions,
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    Estudo da consistência e soluções clássicas da eletrodinâmica de Maxwell-Carroll-Field- Jackiw-Proca
    (Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2008-08-21) Santos, Carlos Eduardo da Hora; FERREIRA JUNIOR, Manoel Messias; 021.133.087-62
    In this work, we investigate some significant aspects of the Maxwell-Carroll-Field- Jackiw-Proca (MCFJP) electrodynamics. This electrodynamics is built through the im- plementation of the Carroll-Field-Jackiw(CFJ) term on the Proca Lagrangian. The CFJ term is the CPT odd term of the gauge sector of the Standard Model Extension. First, we verify under which circumstances this model yields a consistent Quantum Field The- ory (QFT) capable of describing the interactions mediated by photons. In this sense, the propagator ‹Aα(k)Av (k)› is carried out, with the dispersion relations and associated propagation modes being determined. Then, we verify which of these modes are stable, causal and unitary. Only when the theory is causal, stable and unitary, we can say that it can be consistently quantized. It follows that the MCFJP electrodynamics is consistent only for a purely space-like background field, Vα = (0; v). A posteriori, we investigate the classical solutions (static and stationary) of MCFJP electrodynamics. The starting point is the wave equation for the gauge field A (r), which through the use of Green Method, yields explicit expressions for A (k). For a purely time-like background field, Vα= (v0; 0), an exponentially decreasing solution for the electric sector is obtained, equal to the Maxwell-Proca solution. Therefore, the background does not promote any change in electric sectors of the MCFJP and MCFJ electrodynamics. On the other hand, the magnetic sector is changed: for stationary currents, it displays an oscillating behavior [in Maxwell-Proca (MP) electrodynamics, these solutions have an exponentially decreasing behavior]. In the limitMA!0, we obtain the stationary field B(r) ofMCFJ electrodynam- ics (oscillating behavior), which is compatible with the emission of Cerenkov radiation. For a purely space-like background, V = (0; v), we obtain stationary solutions at second order in v, assuming v2 M2 A ; and v jj r. It appears that both magnetic and electric sectors display exponentially decreasing solutions, which recover those ones of the MP electrodynamics in the limit v → 0.