DISSERTAÇÃO DE MESTRADO - PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM SUSTENTABILIDADE DE ECOSSISTEMAS
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Item USO E OCUPAÇÃO DO SOLO NO ENTORNO DOS LAGOS CAJARI E FORMOSO, PENALVA-MA, APA BAIXADA MARANHENSE, E SUA INFLUÊNCIA NAS VARIÁVEIS LIMNOLÓGICAS(Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2006-11-29) Miranda, Glaciane Penha Everton; Barreto, Larissa Nascimento; CPF:35178884353; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1295307492454506; BARBIERI, Ricardo; CPF:02633654843; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7855178261402046; Cavalcante, Paulo Roberto Saraiva; CPF:04571460368; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2333353218757099; Policarpo Neto, José; CPF:01682016315; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1666123604162343This work was carried out with the objective of verifying whether the soil use and occupation near the Lakes Cajari and Formoso, Penalva MA, in the Environmental Protection Area of Baixada Maranhense, exert influence on these lakes limnological variables. The study of the soil use and occupation was made by means of the analysis and interpretation of satellite Landsat 5-TM images from the two lakes studied, with 30 meter spatial resolution at the image bands 3, 4 and 5 regarding to the years 1990 and 2004. For the analysis of some limnological variables, two samplings were made in the dry period and one in the rainy period. The results for Cajari Lake indicated that the area occupied by the lake teorically remained the same, even after the construction of a dam near the town; the urban area has become tripled at that time interval; the capoeira vegetation left by the agricultural use were invaded by the babaçu vegetation; the extensive cattle creation is a human activity which is contributing for water chemical change and despite of all tensions which the lake is tolerating, such as urban occupation and deforestation at its margins, it maintain satisfactory their sanitary conditions. For Formoso Lake, the results showed it is well preserved in relation to Cajari Lake whereas it presented very discrete modifications, though their margins suffer constant collisions with the floating islands; it was not possible to evidence by means of satellite images the urban occupation near the lake because of the rustic model of residences, which is an important factor for its preservation. Comparing the lakes shape, Formoso Lake is stretched while Cajari Lake trends to a dendritic form. This fact explains the compartiment structure of the limnological characteristics verified at the last one. In conformation with the resolution N. 357/2005 of the National Environmental Council (CONAMA), the studied lakes are classified as freshwater bodies, category 2.Item SUSTENTABILIDADE DA PESCA ARTESANAL NO LAGO DE VIANA, ÁREA DE PROTEÇÃO AMBIENTAL DA BAIXADA MARANHENSE(Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2006-09-28) Costa, Clarissa Lobato da; CASTRO, Antônio Carlos Leal de; CPF:06486800372; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9450410023114396The artisan fishing is one of the main economic activities in the town of Viana. It involves an expressive amount of people daily practicing that activity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the artisan fishing considering the seasonality of the region, approaching the socio-economical and ecological dimensions for the sustainability of the activity. The methodology used was questionnaires and later the following of the fishery unloading to determine the destiny of the fishing product. It was also used the hydro balance calculation to consider fishing sustainable sceneries. The results demonstrated that even having a guaranteed daily food the fisherman is the one who has the lowest financial gain from the activity, living in very poor conditions. It was recorded in Viana Lake the existence of twenty-six species belonging to seventeen families and twenty-four genera. The species Plagioscion squamosissimus (south american silver croaker), Pygocentrus nattereri (red piranha) and Prochilodus nigricans (black prochilodus) occured during the whole year, being meaningful in the captures, while Schizodon vittatus (aracu) and Pimelodus omatus (bloch´s catfish) appeared more frequently in the rainy season. It can also be observed that Hoplias malabaricus (trahira) and Loricariichthys sp (loricaria), known as black fish appeared more frequently in the dry season. This paper presents as an alternative to the sustainability in the region sceneries related to damming up water through building small dams into canals. When it comes to fishing activities, though, investments in aquaculture, to promote the creation of native species in community could be an alternative as the area shows an irregular hydro period.Item SISTEMA LACUSTRE VIANENSE: ENSAIOS DE MODELOS CONCEITUAIS PARA OS LAGOS DO MUNICÍPIO DE VIANA-MA(Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2008-09-28) Franco, José Raimundo Campelo; FEITOSA, Antonio Cordeiro; CPF:03277267334; Trovão, José Ribamar; CPF:00310310300; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4403732292363297; Sant ana Júnior, Horácio Antunes de; CPF:30932149120; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5137817404959463VIANENSE LACUSTRINE SYSTEM: ESSAY OF CONCEPTUAL MODELS FOR THE LAKES IN VIANA IN MARANHÃO. We consider a study about the functional aspects of the lacustrine set of Viana in Maranhão in which it is focused the dynamic and structural work and also the dynamical and structural elements of the enviroment. Highlighting the hydroclimatic factors which are responsible for the flooding movements and the human being in the search for his needs. The importance of this investigation is on the development of new data and the knowed be which can subsidize the environmental and urban planning , reinforce the didactical hase of contente on Maranhão and also vianense geography and guiding new researches on Baixada Maranhense focus. The methodological processes were made though interpretation and processing of satellites images in SIG, analyses techinics for ecological traditional knowledge and theories. In geography which regulate the relation between the society and nature. From the theoretical set were established two main conceptual models which prove the comprehension of the lacustrine places in Viana: The Pindaré- Mearim lacustrine system-SLPM and the vianense lacustrine system- SLV, both models are explained in their systemic functional bases of local and interactive manifestations with previous and subsequent systems. Other conceptual bases were made, adapted or redimensioned through classical considerations or from new concepts from conteporaneam geography on a unique viens which analyse the physical phenomenon linked to human societies. Thus the traditional knowede in geography and the technical job of processing and interpretation of sattelite image were definite tools on the systematization of conceptual models and on the systemical dynamics translation. The study field showed rich itself in biodiversity variable in their landscapes and widespread on their natural resources mainly in hydro ones - however, it showed itself poor in politics initiative which reconsider the effect of deleterious environmental interferences to the lacustrine systems and the social conflicts because of them.