ESTUDO EPIDEMIOLÓGICO DA LEISHMANIOSE TEGUMENTAR AMERICANA NO MUNICÍPIO DE BURITICUPU, MARANHÃO, BRASIL, DE 2005 A 2010

Abstract

Maranhão is one of the states with the highest occurrence of American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL). Thus, it should be the focus of studies related to this disease. This study was conducted in Buriticupu-MA, a city with higher incidence of leishmaniasis in the State. This work aimed to study epidemiological aspects of ATL in Buriticupu the period 2005 to 2010. Data collection was performed at the Center for Studies in Tropical Medicine of the Pre-Amazon UFMA, Meteorology Laboratory of the Center Geoenvironmental UEMA, the Department of the Unified Health System - DATASUS and capture of sandflies in areas with reported cases ACL with the CDC light traps. It found the diagnosis of 281 autochthonous cases of ATL in Buriticupu, of which 238 patients were aged 10 years or more, predominantly in individuals 20 to 29 years. Regarding gender, 86 were female and 195 male. Virtually all cases were diagnosed with the cutaneous form, with the direct parasitological examination detected 228 cases and 53 IDRM. The overall detection was classified in high and very high levels, ranging from 20,0 to 135,0 cases per 100 000 inhabitants. The registration of cases had a higher concentration in the months July to December, ie during the dry season with low rainfall and high temperature. We captured 377 specimens of sandflies, predominantly the species L. whitmani. The ACL was largely distributed in Buriticupu the period 2005 to 2010, reaching rural areas and urban areas, especially in the main access roads to the city, BR 222, the corridor leading to the train station and the borders with neighboring municipalities. It is believed that the precariousness of the health infrastructure in the municipality can be detected by providing a favorable environment for the development of the vector, creating conditions for humans becoming infected in the vicinity of their homes.