As compras públicas sustentáveis nas universidades federais brasileiras: um estudo com ênfase na Universidade Federal do Maranhão

Abstract

Sustainability involves social, economic and environmental aspects and is increasingly present in the daily life of society, considering the need to rationalize and optimize the use of resources in general. Public administration, whether in the federal, state or municipal spheres, has the duty to promote sustainable development in the country, based on public policies and management instruments, such as the sustainable public contracting program, instituted by the federal executive branch, which aims to the socio-environmental insertion in the biddings. In this work the sustainable bids were discussed, delimiting the purchases, approaching its concepts and characteristics, being based them by the existent legislation and standards that preach them. In this context, the objective of the study was to elucidate the scenario in which sustainable purchases are found in the universe of Brazilian Federal Universities. It was made a survey about the existence of sustainable logistics plans to enable a specific analysis of the content of the sustainable purchasing axis, as well as the approach of the theme in its institutional development plans. Thus, through weighting of the collected data, it was possible to parameterize for each Federal University, indicators for both types of documents, producing a general index on the institutional disclosure, denominated index of sustainability disclosure in the purchases. Next, a study of the sustainable purchasing processes was carried out in all the federal agencies of the executive power in the five years prior to this work, for the later analysis of the accomplishment of the same in the Federal Universities, particularizing them in state scope for the University Federal of Maranhão. It has been found that federal universities are responsible for a considerable share of sustainable purchases in relation to all federal agencies, but the amount is negligible in relation to total purchases in general. It has also been found that most Federal Universities have low levels of disclosure and execution of sustainable purchases and that there is a weak correlation between the stipulated indices and the values of purchases actually made in these, evidencing that the adoption of sustainable practices in purchases are still in the process of conception in the reality of these institutions.