PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM SAÚDE E AMBIENTE - PPGSA
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Item Atividade moluscicida de óleos essenciais de plantas aromáticas da região Amazônica maranhense(Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2016-07-26) Ribeiro, Edilene Carvalho Gomes; MORAES, Denise Fernandes Coutinho; 515.551.073-20“Molluscicide activity of essential oils from aromatic plants maranhense Amazon region”. Schistosomiasis is one of the most important endemics and widespread diseases in the world with closely linked occurrence to environmental conditions precarious. The parasite responsible for this disease, Schistosoma mansoni, requires the participation of Biomphalaria snails to complete their life cycle. According to the World Health Organization, one of the ways to combat this disease is to perform the mollusc control to avoid the helminth’s life cycle. This study aimed to evaluate the molluscicidal activity of essential oils of herbs occurring in Amazon area of Maranhão, Brazil and characterize the chemical composition and toxicity from non-target organisms of these oils to point viable and sustainable alternative to control the schistosomiasis that is an endemic disease in several Brazilian states, including the state of Maranhão. Essential oils were extracted from the aerial parts of plant harvested in the Rio Parnaíba National Park, Alto Parnaíba – MA, by hydrodistillation in Clevenger-type apparatus during a period of three hours. The chemical composition of these essential oils was analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Among the collected species, the essential oils with a yield above 0,7% were selected to our study. The molluscicidal activity of each essential oil was tested at five different concentrations against Biomphalaria glabrata following the standard method recommended by World Health Organization (1983). The toxicity assessment was carried out against non-target organisms, zebrafish through static method, without replacement water, standardized by NBR 15088. The results were expressed by lethal concentrations with 95% confidence intervals and calculated using a probit regression model, and the data were submitted to analysis of variance followed by Tukey test. Essential oils of species Eugenia punicifolia, Hyptis dilatata, Lippia gracilis and Lippia acitidens were characterized by the predominance of monoterpene compounds. In the other hand, the essential oil of FG20151 showed no monoterpenes and predominance of sesquiterpenes oxygenates. All evaluated essential oils showed bioactivity against B. glabrata with LC90 values between 27.41 and 182.33 µg/mL. Although the essential oils studied exhibited acute toxicity to zebrafish fish in lethal concentrations molluscicide, they were less toxic when compared to the toxicity of the synthetic commercial Bayluscide molluscicide. Thus, these results show that these species have the potential to be used as sources of bioactivity compounds with molluscicide property. The challenge is to promote innovation in the field of neglected diseases, that needs investment and research with satisfactory return.Item Bioprospecção do óleo essencial das folhas de Myrcia guianensis (Aubl.) DC. da Amazônia Legal com propriedade antibacteriana: Contribuição para o desenvolvimento de novos medicamentos.(Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2020-08-13) SILVA , Marcos Vinícius Soares; FERRO, Thiago Azevedo Feitosa; 942.689.243-53; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5076539366122449; COUTINHO, Denise Fernandes; 515.551.073-20; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7346399893912346; VILANOVA, Crisálida Machado; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6169887955326331; COUTINHO, Denise Fernandes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7346399893912346; AMARAL, Flavia Maria Mendonça do; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9334507801916334; BRITO, Maria Cristiane Aranha; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7629307127631321Myrcia guianensis (Aubl.) DC, a species belonging to the Myrtaceae family, has a geographic distribution throughout Brazil, being an endemic plant in tropical areas and with potential for the development of products of interest. This work aimed to carry out a bioprospecting study of the species Mycia guianensis determining the chemical composition from its leaves essential oil and, still, evaluating its potential for antibacterial activity and toxicity. The collection was carried out in the Chapada das Mesas National Park, Legal Amazon, in March 2018 and the extraction of essential oil occurred by hydrodistillation process. The chemical components identification was performed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The in silico analysis of the potential antimicrobial activity and toxicity was carried out with the major components of the essential oil performing software such as PASS, Osiris, PROTOX and SwissADME. The in vitro evaluation of the essential oil occurred against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Escherichia coli (ATCC 042), Klebsiella pneumoniae (clinical isolate), and methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)(clinical isolate strain 01 and 02) to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), antibiofilm activity of essential oil, viability and metabolic activity bacterial. In order to assess toxicity, an in vivo infection model induced by Staphylococcus aureus in Tenebrio molitor larvae was performed. Beyond that, there was a performance evaluation of bacterial load in the hemolymph from Tenebrio molitorlarvae after 24 hours comparing the essential oil and ciprofloxacin. The Myrcia guianensis leaves essential oil showed a good yield, 1.34%, with the major components identified: (E-)-caryophyllene (35.22%), terpinolene (13.76%) and β-bisabolene (6.13%). The evaluation through the software showed good antimicrobial potential and low toxicity of the major compounds. In the in vitro evaluation, the results were promising against tested Gram-positive strains, especially Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538) and clinical isolates MRSA, while showing little or no effect against tested Gram-negative strains, except for the potential antibiofilm against Escherichia coli (ATCC 042). Regarding toxicity in both in silico and in vivo analysis, no toxic effect was observed, in addition to confirming the antibacterial potential with the drastic reduction in bacterial load in the evaluation of the hemolymph of the Tenebrio molitor larvae. Therefore, the essential oil presents promising results against Staphylococcus aureus, representing a good alternative for potential product of pharmaceutical interest.